VIN Countries of Origin

The very first character of a VIN encodes the country where the vehicle was manufactured — not where the brand is headquartered. A Toyota built in Kentucky starts with 1 (United States), not J (Japan). A BMW built in South Carolina also starts with 5 (United States).

How VIN Country Codes Work

VIN position 1 is assigned based on where the vehicle was physically assembled, per ISO standard 3780 (also known as the WMI standard). The assignment is geographic, not brand-based. For example:

  • A Toyota Camry built in Georgetown, Kentucky starts with 4T or 1T (United States).
  • The same Camry model built in Japan starts with JT (Japan).
  • A BMW 3 Series made in Spartanburg, SC starts with 5U or WB depending on the exact plant and model.

Some countries are assigned multiple digits or letters — the United States uses 1, 4, and 5. Some letters are shared between geographically close countries (France, Spain, and Portugal share V).